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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

58.3K
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

1.5K
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
1.5K
Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

1.4K
Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

6.0K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.1K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Magnesium(0) Complex with a Polarized Mg<sup>δ-</sup>─Ca<sup>δ+</sup> Bond.

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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

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Redox-active inverse crowns - pockets for heavier chalcogenides.

Johannes Maurer1, Lukas Klerner1, Jens Langer1

  • 1Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. sjoerd.harder@fau.de.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The reactivity of a Mg(0) complex with phosphine chalcogenides was explored. Heavier chalcogens yielded clean reduction and anion capture, with crown size dictating stabilization.

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Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Metal crown complexes with low-valent metal centers are of interest for unique reactivity.
  • Phosphine chalcogenides offer a range of chalcogen donors for chemical transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reactivity of a redox-active magnesium-sodium crown complex with phosphine chalcogenides.
  • To understand the reduction pathways and anion stabilization within the metallacycle.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of the MgNa crown complex.
  • Reactions with various phosphine chalcogenides (Ch = O, S, Se, Te).
  • Spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallography.
  • Computational studies to support experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • All phosphine chalcogenides were reducible by the Mg(0) complex.
  • Clean reduction to S2-, Se2-, and Te2- anions occurred with heavier chalcogens.
  • Anion stabilization depended on the crown size: tetrametallic for S2- and pentametallic for Se2-/Te2-.
  • Reaction with N2O yielded a rare cis-SNNO2- anion stabilized in a pentametallic crown.

Conclusions:

  • The Mg(0) complex exhibits tunable reactivity towards phosphine chalcogenides.
  • Crown size plays a critical role in stabilizing the reduced chalcogenide anions.
  • The study reveals novel anion capture and stabilization within metallacycles.