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All-3D-Printed Multi-Environment Modular Microrobots Powered by Large-Displacement Dielectric Elastomer

Won Jun Song1, Yong-Woo Kang1, Yun Hyeok Lee1

  • 1Departmant of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces 3D-printed modular microrobots that can adapt to diverse environments and tasks. These versatile microrobots navigate various terrains and perform complex operations, overcoming limitations of current designs.

Keywords:
dielectric elastomer actuatorsmicrorobotsmodular designmultimaterial 3D printing

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Micro-manufacturing

Background:

  • Microrobots offer potential for navigating confined spaces but typically require task-specific designs.
  • Adapting existing microrobots to new environments or functions is challenging and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop fully 3D-printed modular microrobots for versatile task performance across diverse environments.
  • To overcome limitations in microrobot adaptability and modularity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of large-displacement dielectric elastomer microactuators with a hybrid soft-stiff structure for multi-environment locomotion.
  • Fabrication of ten task-specific modules using digital light processing (DLP) multimaterial 3D printing.
  • Integration of modular components to create adaptable mesoscale robotic systems.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated microrobot navigation over terrestrial (smooth, rough, granular) and aquatic terrains.
  • Microrobots successfully performed tasks including controlling other robots, human-robot collision avoidance, and collaborative object manipulation.
  • The modular design enabled adaptation to different environments and task requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Fully 3D-printed modular microrobots represent a significant advancement in robotic adaptability.
  • The developed platform provides a broadly applicable solution for mesoscale robotic fabrication and deployment.
  • This work enables microrobots to perform a wide range of tasks in complex, real-world scenarios.