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Related Experiment Video

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Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Asymmetric item isolation effects: support for a process difference between absolute and relative judgments.

Jerwen Jou1

  • 1Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.

Memory (Hove, England)
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Investigating memory, this study found that an unusual item in a list impacts absolute judgments more than relative judgments. This memory advantage differs significantly based on the judgment type, affecting serial position curves differently.

Keywords:
Absolute order judgmentsabsolute versus relative judgmentsisolation effectsrelative order judgments

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Understanding how the human brain processes information is crucial for cognitive psychology.
  • Memory recall is influenced by item position within a list, a phenomenon known as the serial position effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in information processing between absolute and relative order judgments.
  • To examine the impact of an isolated item on memory performance in serial lists.

Main Methods:

  • A homogeneous serial list of eight names ordered by height was created.
  • An 'odd' item (fourth name, opposite gender) was inserted into the list.
  • Absolute judgments (name/rank recognition) and relative judgments (height rank comparison) were assessed using reaction time (RT).

Main Results:

  • An isolated item conferred a memory advantage in both judgment types.
  • The memory advantage effect was significantly larger for absolute judgments compared to relative judgments.
  • Absolute judgments showed a transformation of the serial position curve, while relative judgments maintained a single bowing shape.

Conclusions:

  • Absolute judgments rely more on specific item information, while relative judgments prioritize relational information processing.
  • The asymmetric isolation effects support distinct processing mechanisms for absolute versus relative order judgments.