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Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

Published on: September 10, 2017

TCRdb 2.0: an updated T-cell receptor sequence database.

Tao Yue^1,2, Si-Yi Chen³, Wen-Kang Shen^1,4

¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Nucleic Acids Research

|September 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

TCRdb2.0 is a greatly expanded T-cell receptor (TCR) database, now featuring 700 million sequences from diverse samples. This resource enhances immune response research with comprehensive TCR data.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Bioinformatics
Genomics

Background:

T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire sequencing is crucial for understanding immune responses.
Existing TCR databases lack comprehensive data from diverse samples.
A need exists for an expanded and enhanced TCR sequence resource.

Purpose of the Study:

To present TCRdb2.0, an updated and significantly expanded T-cell receptor sequence database.
To provide a comprehensive resource for analyzing TCR repertoire data.
To enhance functional studies of TCRs in health and disease.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of approximately 700 million TCR sequences from 19,701 TCR-Seq samples.
Inclusion of TCR sequences from Gamma delta (γδ) T cells.
Integration of therapy-related TCR-Seq datasets, including PD-1 blockade immunotherapy data.
Construction of an extensive TCR sequence reference set from healthy individuals.
Redesign of search and download functionalities for flexible data retrieval.

Main Results:

TCRdb2.0 is the most comprehensive TCR sequence database to date, with a substantial increase in data volume.
The database now includes Gamma delta (γδ) T cell TCR sequences.
Therapy-related datasets and a large reference set from healthy samples are integrated.
Enhanced browsing, searching, and downloading capabilities are available.

Conclusions:

TCRdb2.0 offers an invaluable, expanded resource for T-cell receptor research.
The database supports detailed functional studies of TCRs across various health and disease conditions.
Its comprehensive data and user-friendly interface facilitate advancements in immunology and related fields.