MXene/PANI/SnO₂ electrochemical sensor for the determination of 4-aminophenol

An electrochemical sensor based on MXene/PANI/SnO₂ nanomaterials was developed for the detection of 4-aminophenol (4-AP). In situ oxidative growth of PANI on the MXene surface effectively hindered the stacking of the lamellae and increased the specific surface area of the composites. Further complexation of tin dioxide with swelling properties of the structure provided adsorption and catalytic sites for 4-AP. The prepared electrochemical sensor displayed good Linearity in the concentration range 0.50 ~ 115.38 µM and low detection limit (LOD = 0.19 µM). The sensor also had good reproducibility and stability. The MXene/PANI/SnO₂/GCE sensor was applied to the determination of tablets and Yellow River water, and expressed high recoveries and low relative standard deviations.