[Revolutionary innovations in ophthalmology: the enhanced role of robots in microsurgical techniques]

Ophthalmic microsurgery has undergone a remarkable transformation over recent decades, marked by increasing surgical precision and significantly improved anatomical and functional outcomes. The integration of robotic systems into this field represents a new frontier in microsurgical innovation, offering enhanced stability, tremor reduction, and sub-millimeter control during complex intraocular procedures. In this narrative review, we explore the current landscape of robotic-assisted surgical techniques in ophthalmology, with a focus on recent advancements, clinical implementation, and future directions. We categorize and analyze the three main types of robotic systems – handheld assistive devices, co-manipulation systems, and telemanipulation platforms – and examine their respective technical features and applications. While several promising prototypes have progressed to early clinical trials, the widespread adoption of these technologies remains limited by regulatory hurdles, high costs, and a lack of large-scale outcome data. In particular, standardized measures for non-inferiority compared to conventional surgery are still missing. Nonetheless, the field is advancing rapidly, driven by interdisciplinary innovation, increased investment, and growing interest in surgical automation. With ongoing improvements in imaging integration, artificial intelligence, and precision control, robotic assistance holds great potential to reshape ophthalmic surgery. Continued research and collaboration will be key to unlocking its full clinical utility – ushering in a new era of safer, more reproducible, and highly precise eye surgery. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(36): 1403–1411.