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Lexical retrieval in healthy aging.

M Nicholas, L Obler, M Albert

    Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
    |December 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Lexical retrieval declines with age, particularly after 70, affecting object and action naming in healthy adults. Difficulty is primarily in retrieving word labels, not understanding meaning.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Linguistics

    Background:

    • Lexical retrieval, the process of accessing words from memory, is crucial for language production.
    • Aging can impact cognitive functions, including language processing and word recall.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate age-related changes in lexical retrieval of common nouns and verbs.
    • To determine the specific stages of lexical retrieval affected by healthy aging.

    Main Methods:

    • 162 healthy participants (30-79 years) completed two picture naming tests.
    • Responses were analyzed for accuracy, cueing effectiveness, and error types (e.g., circumlocutions, semantic errors).

    Main Results:

    • Lexical retrieval ability for both nouns and verbs decreased with age, notably after 70.

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  • Older adults made more errors on object names than action names.
  • Phonemic cueing effectiveness remained consistent across all age groups.
  • With increasing age, participants used more circumlocutions and fewer semantic errors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Healthy aging is associated with a decline in lexical retrieval, particularly the ability to retrieve word labels.
    • The observed differences in naming errors reflect task difficulty rather than qualitative changes in retrieval processes.
    • The primary challenge in healthy aging's naming difficulty lies in the label retrieval stage.