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Nontargeted Screening of Fingermark Residue Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight

Emma L Macturk1, Katelynn A Perrault Uptmor1

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Summary

A new nontargeted analysis method using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-TOFMS) enhances fingermark analysis. This method effectively separates endogenous and exogenous compounds, improving donor differentiation based on personal care products.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Fingermarks are crucial forensic evidence.
  • Traditional GC-MS methods face challenges with complex fingermark matrices, leading to coelutions.
  • Nontargeted analysis offers a promising alternative for detailed fingermark composition studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a nontargeted analytical method for fingermark analysis.
  • To evaluate extraction techniques for fingermark analytes.
  • To demonstrate the utility of GC×GC-TOFMS in resolving complex fingermark components.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and optimized a nontargeted method using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS).
  • Evaluated two extraction methods, selecting cotton swab collection with solvent extraction for reproducibility and analyte quantity.
  • Optimized instrumental parameters for a robust analytical workflow.

Main Results:

  • Identified 70 fingermark analytes using the optimized method.
  • Successfully resolved exogenous compounds (e.g., from personal care products) from endogenous fingermark constituents.
  • Demonstrated improved separation of cosmetic compounds from endogenous compounds compared to traditional GC-MS.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nontargeted GC×GC-TOFMS method provides enhanced resolution for fingermark analysis.
  • This approach allows for differentiation of donors based on exogenous residues.
  • Nontargeted screening offers significant potential for analyzing trace evidence in forensic investigations.