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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Research
  • Clinical Pediatrics

Background:

  • Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children 1-9 years old typically has a good prognosis.
  • Infants with RMS may have worse outcomes due to less aggressive local therapy to avoid long-term effects.
  • This study focuses on the unique challenges of RMS in children under 2 years old.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in infants.
  • To analyze the treatment approaches for RMS in children under 2.
  • To determine the survival outcomes for this specific pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 34 pediatric RMS cases diagnosed between 2002-2022.
  • Analysis of demographics, clinical features, and treatment data.
  • Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods and multidisciplinary team review.

Main Results:

  • The median age was 13 months; 70.6% were male. Bladder/prostate (38%) and orbit (14.7%) were common sites.
  • Embryonal subtype predominated. Metastasis occurred in 17.6%. 5-year event-free and overall survival rates were 55.1% and 57.5%.
  • Local relapse was common. TNM stage, clinical group, metastasis, and radiotherapy use impacted survival.

Conclusions:

  • Children under 2 with RMS experience significant challenges, including high local recurrence rates.
  • Survival outcomes for infants with RMS are suboptimal compared to older children.
  • Tailored treatment strategies are crucial to balance effective local control and minimize long-term toxicity.