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Spatial Distortion-Engineered Cationic Ru-Covalent Organic Framework Overcoming Aggregation-Caused Quenching for

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  • 1Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China.

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Summary

A novel cationic metallocovalent organic framework (CRuP-COF) effectively combats antimicrobial resistance. This photosensitizer prevents aggregation, enhances ROS generation, and targets bacteria for potent phototherapy.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial drugsCationicMetal covalent organic polymerPhotodynamicPhotothermal

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance crisis driven by antibiotic misuse necessitates alternative treatments.
  • Phototherapy shows promise but is limited by photosensitizer aggregation and reduced efficacy.
  • Existing photosensitizers suffer from aggregation-induced quenching, diminishing therapeutic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel cationic metallocovalent organic framework (CRuP-COF) to overcome limitations of current photosensitizers.
  • To engineer a material with enhanced photothermal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for antimicrobial applications.
  • To create a targeted and resistance-proof therapeutic solution for bacterial infections.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized CRuP-COF using a solvent-mediated dual-reaction strategy involving Knoevenagel polycondensation and SN2 nucleophilic substitution.
  • Incorporated tris(4,4'-dicarboxaldehyde-2,2'-bipyridine)Ru(II) and meso-tetrakis(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)porphyrin (TMPP) with bromoethane as a modulator.
  • Utilized spatially distorted Ru(II) centers to prevent π-π stacking and pyridinic N-ethylation for cationic surface potential.

Main Results:

  • CRuP-COF exhibited a positive surface potential (ζ = +21.07 ± 1.04 mV) and suppressed aggregation-induced quenching.
  • Demonstrated superior photothermal conversion efficiency and sustained ROS generation via mixed Type I/II mechanisms.
  • Achieved >98% eradication rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 200 μg/mL, with 50% higher potency than noncationic analogs.
  • Showcased self-amplifying therapeutic effects and excellent biocompatibility with minimal hemolytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • CRuP-COF represents a potent, targeted, and resistance-proof antimicrobial agent.
  • The material's design overcomes photosensitizer aggregation and enhances therapeutic efficacy.
  • This integrated approach offers a promising paradigm for modern infection control strategies.