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Highly protected areas buffer against aridity thresholds in global drylands.

Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo¹, David J Eldridge², Youzhi Feng³

¹Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain. M.delgado.baquerizo@csic.es.

|September 9, 2025

Summary

Highly protected areas buffer drylands against aridification thresholds, maintaining ecosystem productivity. Increased protection is crucial for dryland conservation amid climate change.

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Environmental Science
Conservation Biology

Background:

Drylands face significant productivity loss due to global aridity.
The effectiveness of protected areas in mitigating aridification impacts on drylands is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the role of highly protected areas in buffering dryland ecosystem productivity against aridity thresholds.
To evaluate the consistency of this protective effect across different ecosystems and time.

Main Methods:

Assembled a global dataset of drylands.
Analyzed the impact of high protection levels (IUCN categories I and II) on ecosystem productivity thresholds.
Examined data over 23 years, including woody and non-woody ecosystems.

Main Results:

Highly protected areas buffer aridity thresholds by up to 0.15 aridity units.
Drylands in protected areas require greater aridity to reach productivity thresholds.
This buffering effect was consistent across ecosystems and over 23 years.
Only a small percentage of drylands have high protection (IUCN I: 3.3%, IUCN II: 3.8%).

Conclusions:

Highly protected areas are vital for maintaining dryland productivity under increasing aridity.
Expanding high-level protection is essential for dryland conservation under predicted climate change.