IGL::CCND1 detected by optical genome mapping revises diagnosis of a B-cell lymphoma

Differentiating between the repertoire of immunoglobulin rearrangements is important in guiding diagnoses and management of B-cell lymphoma processes. A subset of these disease entities, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), can show distinct genomic profiles with a shared cell of origin. In this report, we describe a rare case in which differentiating between the immunoglobulin family of rearrangements (IGH, IGK, IGL) with optical genome mapping (OGM) helped revise the clinical suspicion of CLL.

We present a 50-year-old woman with a lymphoproliferative disorder. Her clinical laboratory genetics workup included chromosomal banding analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, next-generation sequencing, and OGM. Optical genome mapping was performed on the bone marrow specimen, starting with the ultra-high molecular weight DNA mapped on the Saphyr system. Structural variants with OGM were detected using rare variant analysis set to default parameters.

In 2021, flow cytometry performed on the peripheral blood detected a monotypic CD5+/CD23+ B-cell population. A subsequent bone marrow in 2024 detected similar findings by flow with κ light chain restriction. Chromosomal banding analysis found a translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 11 and 22. Optical genome mapping demonstrated that this translocation involved the CCND1 locus juxtaposed to the regulatory immunoglobulin λ (IGL) gene cluster.

We present a case of CD5+/CD10- small B-cell lymphoma that immunophenotypically resembled CLL but showed positive immunostaining for cyclin D1. The combination of the clinicopathologic findings and the CCND1 translocation involving IGL, detected by OGM, supported a revised diagnosis of MCL.