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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sending a happy emoji makes a smile more pleasant, while sending an angry emoji makes a frown more unpleasant. This research explores digital emotional expressions and social interaction mechanisms.

Keywords:
EMGdigital communicationemoticonsemotionpsychophysiologysocial interactionvirtual agents

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Affective Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Facial emotional expressions serve as crucial interactive signals conveying intentions.
  • Previous studies indicate that sending an expression impacts the perception of responses, yet underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which sending a facial emotional expression influences the evaluation of subsequent response expressions.
  • To examine the role of affiliative mechanisms and signal congruency in digital social interactions.

Main Methods:

  • A preregistered experiment involving 68 participants who sent digital emojis (happy, neutral, angry) to a virtual agent.
  • The agent responded with either a smiling or frowning facial expression.
  • Measurements included valence and arousal ratings, and facial electromyography (EMG) of the Zygomaticus and Corrugator muscles to assess mimicry.

Main Results:

  • Receiving a smile was rated as more pleasant and elicited greater Zygomaticus activation when it followed a happy emoji compared to an angry emoji.
  • Receiving a frown was rated as less pleasant and increased Corrugator activity when it followed a happy emoji compared to an angry emoji.
  • Sending an emoji activated facial muscles congruent with the emoji's valence, and participants were sensitive to the congruency between sender and receiver expressions.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the role of affiliative mechanisms in facial expression exchange and highlight sensitivity to signal congruency in social interactions.
  • Physiological feedback may drive these effects, suggesting implications for both real-world and digital social interactions.
  • The study dissects the communicative act from motor display in digital emotional expressions, enabling deeper probing of social interaction mechanisms.