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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate01:29

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Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
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Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
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Controlling Chloride Crossover in Bipolar Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Maria F Rochow1, Daniela H Marin2,3, Harrison J Cassady4

  • 1Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

ACS Electrochemistry
|September 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) enhance water electrolysis. An E98-05 (CEL)/FAS-50 (AEL) membrane with a TiO2 catalyst showed best performance and lowest chlorine crossover in asymmetric feeds.

Keywords:
Bipolar membranesIon crossoverIon transportSeawaterWater electrolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Bipolar membranes (BPMs), composed of anion exchange (AEL) and cation exchange layers (CEL), are promising for water electrolysis.
  • Their layered structure enables unique performance characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate four BPMs for water electrolysis performance.
  • Evaluate performance under symmetric and asymmetric feed conditions.
  • Analyze chlorine species crossover in asymmetric feeds.

Main Methods:

  • Tested four different BPMs in a water electrolysis cell.
  • Employed symmetric (deionized water) and asymmetric (0.5 mol/L NaCl catholyte, deionized water anolyte) feeds.
  • Measured total chlorine species crossover at 250 mA/cm².

Main Results:

  • The E98-05 (CEL)/FAS-50 (AEL) membrane with a TiO2 catalyst performed best under asymmetric conditions.
  • This membrane exhibited the lowest chlorine species crossover and cell voltage.
  • Cation exchange layer (CEL) orientation influenced chlorine crossover via Donnan exclusion.

Conclusions:

  • BPM selection and orientation are critical for water electrolysis efficiency, especially with asymmetric feeds.
  • The CEL plays a key role in mitigating anion crossover.
  • TiO2 catalyst enhances BPM performance in water electrolysis.