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Multiyear Drought Strengthens Positive and Negative Functional Diversity Effects on Tree Growth Response.

Hernán Serrano-León1,2, Haben Blondeel3, Paula Glenz1

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Summary

Tree species richness does not consistently improve drought resistance. Functional traits and drought duration, not diversity, influenced single-year drought responses. Contrasting diversity effects emerged under prolonged drought.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forestry
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Mixed-species forests are hypothesized to improve tree drought resistance and resilience.
  • However, evidence suggests tree species richness does not consistently enhance drought growth responses.
  • Mechanisms remain unclear, particularly during multiyear droughts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how neighborhood tree diversity and functional traits affect individual tree drought responses.
  • Analyze tree growth reactions to single-year and consecutive drought events.
  • Understand biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in young, drought-stressed forests.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a network of planted tree diversity experiments across Europe.
  • Analyzed tree cores (948 trees, 16 species) with varying species richness (1-6 species).
  • Quantified radial growth response using tree-ring biomass increment (X-ray CT) and applied hydraulic trait-based growth models.

Main Results:

  • Single-year drought responses were linked to species' hydraulic safety margin and drought intensity, independent of neighborhood richness.
  • Neighborhood functional diversity effects shifted from positive to negative with increasing drought duration within a season.
  • Diversity effects intensified during consecutive drought years, showing site-specific positive and negative impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Tree diversity effects on growth under single-year droughts differ from responses to consecutive drought years.
  • Hydraulic traits and neighborhood processes are crucial for understanding tree mixture responses to prolonged drought.
  • Experimental data offer a framework for testing biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in young, drought-stressed forests.