Protein-Derived Chelating Peptides: Preparation, Conformational Relationships, and Biological Activities

Metal ions play a vital role in the health of the modern human body, but deficiencies in mineral elements have created health risks worldwide. However, mineral supplements currently available on the market are very limited due to poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the possibility of adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, protein-derived metal-chelating peptides have received a lot of attention because of their stability, safety, and very high bioavailability. The present paper discusses the protein sources of protein-derived metal-chelating peptides as well as peptide preparation, isolation and purification, and chelating peptide preparation. Furthermore, it describes the chelating mechanism of the chelating peptides and their conformational relationships. Moreover, the protein-derived metal ion-chelating peptides provide additional benefits by enhancing the absorption of minerals and providing antioxidant and immunomodulatory bioactivities.