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Related Concept Videos

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay

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Biosensors for Detecting Small Rho GTPases: Monitoring Expression and Activation.

Nik Yasmin Umaira Hasnizan1, Chong Chien Fung1, Saw Keat Chuan1

  • 1MY Small G Protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|September 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Advanced biosensors track Rho GTPase activity but cannot measure expression or biomarkers. New biosensors are needed to monitor Rho GTPase levels and identify disease-related biomarkers for better cancer and immune disorder treatments.

Keywords:
Rho GTPasesactivationbiomarkerbiosensorsexpressionprognosissignaling

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Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein GST-RhoAG17A from Epithelial Cell Lysates

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein GST-RhoAG17A from Epithelial Cell Lysates
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Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein GST-RhoAG17A from Epithelial Cell Lysates

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Small Rho GTPases are crucial molecular switches regulating cell functions like cytoskeletal organization and cell cycle.
  • Dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is implicated in diseases such as cancer and immune disorders.
  • Current biosensing methods like FRET and BRET track Rho GTPase activity but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current Rho GTPase biosensors.
  • To emphasize the need for next-generation biosensors.
  • To identify novel biomarkers for Rho GTPase-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced biosensing technologies (FRET, BRET).
  • Analysis of current limitations in detecting Rho GTPase expression and biomarkers.
  • Discussion of the role of Rho GTPases in cellular processes and disease.

Main Results:

  • Existing biosensors primarily detect the active, GTP-bound state of Rho GTPases via effector interactions.
  • Current methods do not directly measure Rho GTPase expression levels.
  • There is a lack of biosensors for identifying novel biomarkers associated with abnormal Rho GTPase activation.

Conclusions:

  • Next-generation biosensors are required for direct monitoring of Rho GTPase expression.
  • Development of biosensors to identify novel biomarkers is crucial for understanding diseases.
  • Advanced biosensing strategies will facilitate research and therapeutic development for Rho GTPase-related disorders.