Telerobotic surgery: a comprehensive two-decade evolution and the integration of emerging technologies

Area of Science:

• Robotics and Telecommunications
• Surgical Innovation
• Medical Technology Integration

Background:

• Telerobotic surgery has evolved significantly over 20 years, overcoming limitations of traditional procedures.
• Previous research focused on specific applications; this review offers an integrated perspective.
• Key advancements include transatlantic remote surgery and next-generation robotic platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of telerobotic surgery's evolution and applications.
• To highlight the impact of integrated technologies like 5G and extended reality (XR).
• To identify current challenges and future solutions for remote surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review tracing the historical development of telerobotic surgery.
• Analysis of technological integrations, including communication networks and robotic systems.
• Examination of applications across various medical specialties (gastroenterology, urology, neurology, cardiology).

Main Results:

• Telerobotic surgery has demonstrated feasibility across multiple specialties, exemplified by landmark remote procedures.
• Integration of 5G, XR, and multi-console systems enhances precision and coordination.
• Current challenges include cost, latency, security, and ethical/legal issues.

Conclusions:

• Emerging technologies like 6G, haptic feedback, and AI offer solutions to current telerobotic surgery challenges.
• Continued interdisciplinary collaboration between engineering, communications, and medicine is crucial.
• Strategic insights are provided to foster innovation and overcome barriers in remote surgical care.