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Distinct codon usage signatures reflecting evolutionary and pathogenic adaptation in the Acinetobacter baumannii

Ujwal Dahal1, Anuj Sharma2, Karan Paul3

  • 1School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|September 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating codon usage in Acinetobacter reveals evolutionary forces shaping genomic diversity. Differences in codon bias between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains may indicate virulence factors.

Keywords:
GyrBACB complexCodon usagePhylogenyWhole genus Acinetobacter

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Evolutionary Genomics
  • Bacterial Genetics and Phylogeny

Background:

  • The genus Acinetobacter exhibits significant genomic and pathogenic diversity.
  • Understanding codon usage patterns is crucial for deciphering evolutionary pressures and functional adaptations in bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate codon usage and amino acid bias in the genus Acinetobacter.
  • To identify evolutionary forces (mutation vs. selection) influencing these patterns.
  • To explore the implications for pathogenicity and biotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genomic data using standard codon bias indices (GC content, RSCU, ENC, CAI).
  • Application of neutrality and parity plots to assess mutational and selective pressures.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using gyrB gene sequences to understand evolutionary relationships.

Main Results:

  • Observed a dynamic GC content range across Acinetobacter species, with A. baumannii complex showing balanced GC distribution.
  • Identified AT-rich preferred codons and correlations with GC composition, indicating mutational bias and selective pressure.
  • Codon pair usage revealed functional congruence within the A. baumannii complex, supported by gyrB gene phylogeny.

Conclusions:

  • Codon usage in Acinetobacter is shaped by a combination of mutational and selective forces, contributing to genomic and functional diversity.
  • Disparities in codon usage between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species suggest potential genomic signatures of virulence.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the pathogenic potential linked to these genomic signatures.