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Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

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In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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Clindamycin intravenous to oral switch automatic notifications: a pilot study.

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Switching to oral clindamycin when effective significantly reduced intravenous use. An automated notification system supported this rational antimicrobial stewardship, demonstrating feasibility and potential for broader application.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Pharmacy
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Intravenous (IV) administration of antimicrobials is common, but oral routes may be preferred when efficacy is comparable.
  • Clindamycin is an antimicrobial frequently administered via both IV and oral routes.
  • Optimizing antimicrobial prescribing is crucial for effective treatment and reducing resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of an intervention aimed at increasing oral clindamycin use over intravenous administration.
  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an automated notification system for rationalizing IV clindamycin use.

Main Methods:

  • A single-centre pre-/post-intervention study design was employed.
  • Data were collected on 11,134 patients admitted during the study period.
  • An automated notification system was developed and implemented to guide clindamycin prescribing.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant reduction in the ratio of IV to oral clindamycin usage was observed (P < 0.001).
  • The median number of IV clindamycin doses administered daily decreased significantly (median 6 vs. 10, P < 0.001).
  • The automated notification system proved feasible for rationalizing IV clindamycin use.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing an automated notification system can effectively promote the rational use of intravenous clindamycin, favoring oral administration when appropriate.
  • This intervention led to a significant decrease in IV clindamycin utilization.
  • The developed system shows potential applicability for optimizing the use of other medications in clinical practice.