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Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells.

T H Ogunbeku1, J M Allmond2, T J Gray2,3

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|September 10, 2025
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Summary
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Researchers identified a nanosecond isomer in Scandium-54 (^{54}Sc), measuring its half-life and E2 transition strength. This provides crucial data for understanding nuclear structure and effective charges in neutron-rich nuclei.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Nuclear and Chemical, Radiation and Radioisotope Application

Background:

  • The study of neutron-rich nuclei is crucial for understanding nuclear structure and the evolution of shell closures.
  • Previous measurements of electromagnetic transitions in the fp-shell region have provided insights into nuclear properties, but ambiguities remain.
  • Accurate determination of nuclear lifetimes and transition strengths is essential for testing nuclear models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the 247-keV state in ^{54}Sc, populated via beta decay of ^{54}Ca, by measuring its half-life.
  • To determine the B(E2) value for the transition from the 247-keV state to the ground state in ^{54}Sc.
  • To investigate the implications of the measured properties for nuclear shell structure and effective charges in the fp-shell region.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized beta decay of ^{54}Ca to populate the 247-keV state in ^{54}Sc.
  • Measured the half-life of the 247-keV isomeric state using timing techniques.
  • Calculated the B(E2) value from the measured half-life and known transition energy.
  • Compared experimental results with semi-empirical and ab initio shell-model calculations.

Main Results:

  • Identified a nanosecond isomer at 247-keV in ^{54}Sc with a half-life of 26.0(22) ns.
  • Determined a pure E2 transition strength of 1.93(16) W.u., representing the most precise B(E2) value in the neutron-rich fp region for nuclei with Z>20.
  • Observed an E2 enhancement in ^{54}Sc approximately four times larger than in ^{55}Ca.
  • Derived empirical effective proton (e_{π}=1.30(8)e) and neutron (e_{ν}=0.452(7)e) charges.

Conclusions:

  • The results indicate a weak N=34 subshell gap relative to N=32.
  • A significant E2 enhancement in Sc nuclei is attributed to 1p-1h proton excitations across the Z=28 shell closure.
  • The derived effective charges suggest a universal set applicable across the sd and fp shells, contradicting previous reports for fp-shell nuclei near N=Z.