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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture
Published on: September 29, 2023
Advances in the application of carbon materials for anammox enhancement: A comprehensive review
Bo Gao1, Xiaonong Zhang1, Rui Zhao1
1National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
Abstract:
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process has attracted considerable interest for its advantages in low energy requirements, reduced sludge output, and eliminating the need for external carbon sources. However, its application is constrained by the long generation time, slow growth, and challenges in enriching anammox bacteria. Studies indicate that carbon material addition significantly accelerates anammox bacteria proliferation, enhances nitrogen removal efficiency, and improves anammox microbial activity. Yet, challenges persist in anammox bacteria enrichment and process stability, and the regulatory mechanisms of carbon materials require further investigation. This review comprehensively summarizes existing research findings, elucidating carbon materials' role in shortening startup periods, enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency, and improving microbial activity. Additionally, it examines how nanoparticle formation, co-loading with synergistic materials, and carbonization temperature regulation optimize carbon material performance. By clarifying carbon materials' multifaceted role in anammox and their synergistic effects with other process parameters, this review provides theoretical support for addressing these key challenges and contributes valuable insights to advancing efficient and stable wastewater treatment technologies.
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