Motivational interviewing for promoting advance care planning: A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis...

Through conceptualizing advance care planning (ACP) drawing on the model of preparation for future care needs, this study systematically reviewed the effectiveness of and participants' experience with motivational interviewing (MI) for ACP as a decisional process. A mixed-method systematic review following the guideline of JBI methodology were carried out on eligible studies by searching nine databases by December 2023. Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review. The meta-analysis demonstrated that MI was effective in increasing concrete planning behaviors (OR = 2.97, 95 % CI [2.54, 3.47]). Configurative analyses showed that the quantitative and qualitative syntheses were complementary and coherent to support that MI was effective in promoting almost all ACP processes, except that configurative analyses detected incoherent findings about MI's effectiveness in intention to engage in ACP or self-efficacy. MI is possible to promote ACP. Future studies with large and rigorous trials are warranted for examining MI's effectiveness on ACP as a decisional process among individuals without cognitive impairment.