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Needle arthroscopy enables safe and effective meniscal treatment in medium-sized dogs, with superior visibility
Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility of performing meniscal transection and shaver debridement (MTSD) with a 1.9-mm needle arthroscope (needle arthroscopy [NA]) in medium-sized (7- to 15-kg) dogs, and to compare meniscal visibility, procedural difficulty, and iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) with a standard 2.7-mm arthroscope (standard arthroscopy [SA]).
Methods:
The study was conducted between May 1 and July 31, 2024. Paired pelvic limbs from 24 medium-sized canine cadavers were alternately assigned to 1 of 2 operators. Within each pair, stifles were then randomly assigned to NA or SA. Each stifle underwent arthroscopic joint exploration and MTSD. Meniscal visibility scores and procedural difficulty scores were assigned. Following MTSD, joints were carefully disarticulated and IACI was determined with an India ink assay. Incidence and total surface area (mm2) of IACI were recorded. Mann-Whitney tests were utilized to assess for differences in meniscal visibility, procedural difficulty, and IACI between NA and SA.
Results:
Meniscal visibility scores were significantly higher with NA for both medial and lateral menisci. There were no significant differences in procedural difficulty scores or IACI between arthroscope types.
Conclusions:
MTSD can be successfully performed with NA in medium-sized dogs. The needle arthroscope provided significantly improved meniscal visibility compared to SA, without increasing procedural difficulty or IACI.
Clinical Relevance:
These findings support the consideration of NA as a valuable tool for meniscal evaluation and treatment in dogs.
Insights
Needle arthroscopy (NA) offers superior meniscal visibility in medium-sized dogs compared to standard arthroscopy (SA). This technique for meniscal transection and shaver debridement (MTSD) is feasible and does not increase procedural difficulty or cartilage injury.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Surgery
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Minimally Invasive Procedures
Background:
- Meniscal injuries are common in canine stifle joints.
- Standard arthroscopy can have limitations in visualizing meniscal structures.
- Meniscal transection and shaver debridement (MTSD) is a surgical technique for meniscal repair.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the feasibility of needle arthroscopy (NA) for MTSD in medium-sized dogs (7-15 kg).
- To compare meniscal visibility, procedural difficulty, and iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) between NA and standard arthroscopy (SA).
Main Methods:
- Canine cadaveric pelvic limbs were used, with stifles randomly assigned to NA (1.9-mm arthroscope) or SA (2.7-mm arthroscope).
- All stifles underwent arthroscopic joint exploration and MTSD.
- Meniscal visibility and procedural difficulty were scored; IACI was assessed using an India ink assay.
Main Results:
- Meniscal visibility scores were significantly higher with NA for both medial and lateral menisci.
- No significant differences were found in procedural difficulty scores between NA and SA.
- There were no significant differences in the incidence or surface area of iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) between the two arthroscope types.
Conclusions:
- Needle arthroscopy (NA) is a feasible technique for performing MTSD in medium-sized dogs.
- NA provides significantly improved meniscal visibility compared to standard arthroscopy (SA).
- NA does not increase procedural difficulty or iatrogenic articular cartilage injury during MTSD.
