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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
Published on: February 16, 2017
Myokines and osteokines in aging-related degenerative diseases: Regulatory networks in the muscle-bone-brain axis
Shang Gao1, Nianhu Li2, Lijie Qi2
1The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
Abstract:
This review summarizes the biological properties of key myokines (Irisin, Apelin, CLCF1, and Myostatin) and osteokines (Osteocalcin, Sclerostin, FGF23 and the RANKL/OPG system). This work provides an in-depth analysis of the age-related network imbalance mechanism characterized by "downregulation of protective factors (Irisin, CLCF1, and uncarboxylated Osteocalcin) - upregulation of pro-degenerative factors (Myostatin, Sclerostin, and FGF23) - inflammation-driven amplification", and reveals the mechanism by which this network imbalance contributes to the comorbidity of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the review evaluates the intersecting regulatory networks and molecular pathways through which myo-osteogenic factors modulate neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF and GDNF), and proposes intervention strategies based on these intersecting regulatory networks.
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