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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
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Advances in ICP-MS-Based Nanoparticle Characterization: Techniques and Challenges in Biological Sample Analysis.

Filip Gregar1, Daniel Baron1, Tomáš Pluháček1

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Journal of Separation Science
|September 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Accurate analysis of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in biological systems is crucial. This review highlights advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, including single-particle ICP-MS and hyphenated techniques, for detecting and quantifying NPs.

Keywords:
biological samples | inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) | nanoparticles | separation | single particle

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in consumer and biomedical products.
  • Concerns exist regarding NP accumulation, transformation, and toxicity in biological systems.
  • Accurate analytical methods are vital for detecting, characterizing, and quantifying NPs in complex biological matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate recent advances (January 2020 onward) in ICP-MS-based methods for NP analysis in biological samples.
  • To compare single-particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) and hyphenated ICP-MS techniques.
  • To discuss the advantages, limitations, and complementarity of these methods for understanding NP fate.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on ICP-MS-based methods for NP analysis.
  • Detailed examination of single-particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) including extraction, particle types, matrices, and limitations.
  • Discussion of hyphenated techniques (e.g., chromatography, electrophoresis) coupled with ICP-MS.
  • Coverage of laser ablation spICP-MS for tissue imaging.

Main Results:

  • spICP-MS is the most widely used method for direct determination of NP size, concentration, and metal content.
  • Hyphenated techniques offer enhanced insights into NP size distributions, aggregation, and interactions.
  • Laser ablation spICP-MS enables spatially resolved NP detection and tissue imaging.
  • Both spICP-MS and hyphenated methods have specific advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • ICP-MS, particularly spICP-MS, is a leading technique for NP analysis in biological samples due to its sensitivity and quantitative capabilities.
  • Hyphenated ICP-MS techniques complement spICP-MS by providing additional information on NP behavior and interactions.
  • The combined use of single-particle and hyphenated ICP-MS methods offers a more comprehensive understanding of NP fate in biological systems.