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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Socket Healing and MRONJ.

Yuki Arai1, Chiaki Tsutsumi-Arai2, Jeryl D English1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are vital for tooth socket healing. Understanding their role and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) can improve dental treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jawmesenchymal progenitormesenchymal stem cellsocket healingtooth extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Tooth socket healing involves inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases.
  • Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs), particularly from periodontal ligament and bone lining cells, are crucial for healing.
  • Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) impairs socket healing by suppressing MSC activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological processes of tooth socket healing.
  • To elucidate the role of MSCs in socket healing.
  • To explore MRONJ mechanisms and their link to impaired healing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on socket healing and MSCs.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in healing and MRONJ.
  • Discussion of advancements in cell lineage tracing techniques.

Main Results:

  • MSCs from various tissues contribute to socket healing, though their precise roles require further clarification.
  • MRONJ conditions negatively impact MSCs, leading to apoptosis and delayed healing.
  • Understanding MSC contributions is key to managing MRONJ complications.

Conclusions:

  • Further research using advanced techniques is needed to fully understand MSC roles in socket healing.
  • Enhanced knowledge of MSCs and MRONJ mechanisms can lead to improved therapeutic strategies.
  • Optimizing socket healing and managing MRONJ are critical for successful dental procedures.