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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Carbon Materials for Energy Storage: A Review
Yan Zhang1, Yi Wan1, Deyu Kong1
1State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
Small Methods
|September 11, 2025
Summary
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveals complex structures and electron transfer mechanisms in carbon electrodes for energy storage. This review highlights EPR
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Spectroscopy
Background:
- Carbon-based materials are essential for electrochemical energy storage electrodes.
- Understanding their structure-property relationships is key to performance optimization.
- Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is sensitive to electronic structures and electron transfer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of EPR spectroscopy in characterizing carbon electrode materials for energy storage.
- To elucidate energy storage mechanisms in carbon materials using EPR.
- To highlight advancements in in situ EPR techniques for electrochemical studies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic exploration of spectral differences based on molecular structural variations in carbon materials.
- Interpretation of energy storage mechanisms through ex situ EPR analyses.
- Review of in situ electrochemical characterization using EPR spectroscopy.
Main Results:
- EPR spectroscopy effectively characterizes electronic structures of complex carbons.
- It tracks electron transfer at the carbon electrode/electrolyte interface during electrochemical processes.
- In situ EPR provides novel insights into carbon electrode behavior during operation.
Conclusions:
- EPR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for understanding carbon-based energy storage materials.
- Further development and application of EPR, including in situ methods, are crucial.
- This review serves as a resource for researchers in the field.
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