Clinical progress note: Hepatitis A virus

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence has decreased since vaccine introduction but remains a concern.
• Recent outbreaks highlight persistent inequities in vaccine access, outbreak response, and risks for vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To underscore the ongoing public health threat of HAV in the US.
• To emphasize the critical role of vaccination and surveillance in preventing HAV resurgence.
• To identify hospitalization as a key opportunity for intervention and equitable protection.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of recent multi-state HAV outbreaks.
• Review of vaccine coverage and access data.
• Assessment of risk factors and social determinants impacting HAV.
• Evaluation of hospitalization data for intervention opportunities.

Main Results:

• HAV outbreaks continue to occur, indicating re-emergence potential.
• Significant inequities exist in vaccine coverage, access, and outbreak response.
• At-risk populations face disproportionate burdens due to social or health factors.

Conclusions:

• Continued investment in HAV prevention, including vaccination and surveillance, is crucial.
• Hospitalization settings present a vital opportunity to address gaps in protection.
• Equitable vaccine access and targeted interventions are necessary to prevent HAV resurgence.