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Public Safety, Family Safety? The Reciprocal Relationship Between Mothers' IPV Victimization and Fathers'
1University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|September 11, 2025
Summary
Paternal incarceration predicts later intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, and IPV predicts later paternal incarceration among young parents. These effects weaken as children age, becoming insignificant by age 9.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Sociology
- Public Health
Background:
- Families in high-policing areas disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV), impacting children.
- Parental contact with the criminal legal system, for any charge, can precipitate IPV.
- Previous research focused narrowly on domestic violence calls and legal outcomes, not broader legal system encounters.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the bidirectional relationship between inter-parental IPV and fathers' criminal legal system contact.
- To understand how these factors influence families with young children over time.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 4,898 young parents in the Future of Families and Child Well-being Study.
- Employed autoregressive cross-lagged models to analyze data collected when children were ages 1, 3, 5, and 9.
- Assessed paternal incarceration (any charge) and maternal IPV victimization.
Main Results:
- Paternal incarceration predicted later maternal IPV victimization.
- Maternal IPV victimization predicted later paternal incarceration.
- Observed effects diminished significantly over time, becoming statistically insignificant by age 9.
- Incarceration was a stronger predictor of subsequent IPV than IPV was of subsequent incarceration.
Conclusions:
- Fathers' broader criminal legal system contact may worsen early childhood IPV exposure amidst mass incarceration.
- The bidirectional link between IPV and incarceration is significant in early childhood but wanes over time.
- Findings extend prior work by considering broader legal system involvement beyond specific domestic violence incidents.
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