Analytical techniques for methyldopa and metabolites: a comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Pharmaceutical Analysis
• Clinical Chemistry

Background:

• Methyldopa is a crucial antihypertensive medication, especially for pregnant and renal-impaired patients.
• Accurate and sensitive analytical methods are vital for methyldopa determination in pharmaceuticals and biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review and compare various analytical techniques for methyldopa quantification.
• To assess the advantages, limitations, and applicability of these methods in different laboratory settings.

Main Methods:

• Literature retrieval from major scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, etc.).
• Critical examination of chromatographic (HPLC, LC-MS/MS), electrochemical (voltammetry), and spectrophotometric (UV-Vis) methods.
• Comparative evaluation based on sensitivity, selectivity, cost, and feasibility.

Main Results:

• High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offer high sensitivity and speed but are costly.
• Electrochemical methods provide an affordable and rapid alternative for decentralized labs.
• UV-Vis spectrophotometry is simple and cost-effective for quality control but less selective.

Conclusions:

• No single method is ideal; the choice depends on the setting and requirements.
• Challenges include low concentrations, instability, and matrix interference.
• Development of portable, low-cost platforms is needed for wider therapeutic monitoring accessibility.