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Related Concept Videos

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines01:15

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Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
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Drug Classes and Categories01:25

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Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Over-the-Counter Medications for Sinus Headache: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Nathan Gabriel Sattah1, Hui-Jie Lee2, Theresa Coles3

  • 1School of Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina USA.

OTO Open
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Patients with sinus headaches use various over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Decongestants provided more symptom relief for non-rhinogenic facial pain/pressure (NRFP) than for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Keywords:
chronic rhinosinusitisdecongestantsnon‐rhinogenic facial painover‐the‐countersinus headache

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Rhinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sinus headache is a common ailment.
  • It can stem from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or non-rhinogenic facial pain/pressure (NRFP).
  • Understanding over-the-counter (OTC) medication use is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the usage of OTC medications for sinus headache.
  • To compare OTC medication effectiveness between CRS and NRFP patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care academic center.
  • Patients with midfacial pain/pressure were surveyed on OTC medication use.
  • Diagnosis of CRS or NRFP was based on endoscopy and imaging.

Main Results:

  • 251 patients (69.3% female, mean age 49.9) were included.
  • CRS patients reported relief from pain relievers, intranasal steroids, and antihistamines.
  • NRFP patients reported relief from intranasal steroids, decongestants, and pain relievers; decongestant use was significantly higher in NRFP (P=.011).

Conclusions:

  • Patients utilize diverse OTC medications for facial pain and pressure.
  • Symptomatic relief with decongestants may indicate NRFP.
  • This highlights potential diagnostic value of OTC medication response.