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Inhomogeneity-driven multiform Spontaneous Hall Effect in conventional and unconventional superconductors.

Nadia Stegani1,2, Ilaria Pallecchi2, Nicola Manca2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The spontaneous Hall effect (SHE) in superconductors, observed near the critical temperature, may stem from spatial variations in the critical temperature (Tc). This study suggests a unified origin for SHE across different superconducting materials.

Keywords:
Inhomogeneitiessimulationsspontaneous Hall effectsuperconductors

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Area of Science:

  • Superconductivity
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The spontaneous Hall effect (SHE) is a phenomenon observed in superconductors, characterized by a transverse voltage without an external magnetic field.
  • Its origin is debated, with proposed mechanisms including symmetry breaking, vortex motion, and material inhomogeneities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the spontaneous Hall effect (SHE) in both conventional (Nb) and unconventional (Fe(Se,Te)) superconductors.
  • To explore the role of spatial inhomogeneities in the critical temperature (Tc) as a potential unifying mechanism for SHE.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of SHE in Nb and Fe(Se,Te) superconductors.
  • Finite element simulations modeling the impact of spatially varying Tc distributions on SHE.
  • Comparative analysis of experimental SHE data with simulation results.

Main Results:

  • Distinct SHE peaks were observed near the superconducting transition temperature in both Nb and Fe(Se,Te).
  • SHE characteristics (height, sign, shape) varied but suggested a common underlying mechanism.
  • Simulations supported the hypothesis that spatially inhomogeneous Tc distributions can explain the observed SHE phenomenology.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial inhomogeneities in the critical temperature (Tc) offer a plausible unified explanation for the spontaneous Hall effect in diverse superconductors.
  • The amplitude of the superconducting transition, influenced by Tc distribution, explains variations in SHE phenomenology across different materials.