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Study of Experimental Organ Donation Models for Lung Transplantation
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Organ crosstalk: brain-lung interaction.

Luciana Mascia1, Rosanna D'Albo2, Irene Cavalli3

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.

Frontiers in Medicine
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain and lungs have a bidirectional relationship. Acute brain injury causes lung issues, while Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can lead to brain damage, impacting patient outcomes.

Keywords:
ARDSacute brain injurybrain-lung cross talkmechanical ventilationneurogenic pulmonary edemaventilator associated brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • The brain-lung axis exhibits bidirectional interactions, impacting Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients.
  • Acute brain injury (ABI) can lead to pulmonary complications, while Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) survivors often experience neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the brain-lung cross-talk.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies and future research directions for managing brain-lung interactions.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes pre-clinical and clinical research on brain-lung interactions.
  • It examines the mechanisms of neurological sequelae in ARDS and pulmonary complications in ABI.

Main Results:

  • ARDS survivors face short- and long-term neurological issues, including delirium and cognitive impairment.
  • Mechanical ventilation in ARDS can cause Ventilator-Associated Brain Injury (VABI) via neuroinflammation and apoptosis.
  • Primary brain injury can trigger a 'triple-hit' model, increasing lung vulnerability to complications like neurogenic pulmonary edema and pneumonia.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the brain-lung cross-talk is crucial for improving patient outcomes in critical care.
  • Mechanical ventilation strategies must balance gas exchange with brain oxygen delivery.
  • Further research into immune dysregulation and microbiome alterations is needed.