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In the Line of Duty: Militarizing African Epidemics.

Tim Allen, Melissa Parker

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    |September 11, 2025
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The increasing use of military forces for epidemic control in Africa, despite human rights concerns, is examined. This approach, seen in Sierra Leone and Uganda during Ebola and COVID-19, can entrench autocratic rule rather than improve public health outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • International Relations
    • Security Studies

    Background:

    • The deployment of military personnel for epidemic control in Africa has gained acceptance, even amidst human rights concerns.
    • This trend is influenced by overlapping processes since the 1990s and UN Security Council Resolution 2177.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the rise of militarized epidemic control in Africa.
    • To explore the implications of this approach on governance and human rights, using Sierra Leone and Uganda as case studies.

    Main Methods:

    • Long-term fieldwork in Sierra Leone and Uganda.
    • Comparative analysis of militarized epidemic control programs during Ebola and COVID-19 outbreaks.
    • Examination of governmental responses, enforcement of regulations, and political transitions.

    Main Results:

    • Both Sierra Leone and Uganda exhibited similarities in militarized epidemic control, including forceful regulation enforcement.
    • Significant differences emerged: Sierra Leone experienced democratic transition, while Uganda's militarized response entrenched autocratic authority.
    • Disease control outcomes were not substantially different between the two nations, despite Uganda's response being lauded.

    Conclusions:

    • Militarized epidemic control can facilitate a shift towards less accountable governance, masked by public health justifications.
    • The valorization of certain responses, like Uganda's, highlights a concerning trend in global health security and governance.
    • Further research is needed to understand the long-term impact of militarized public health interventions on democratic institutions.