Outcomes in uncomplicated β-hemolytic Streptococcal bloodstream infections transitioned from IV to oral antimicrobial...

To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with uncomplicated β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. bloodstream infections (BSI) transitioned to oral antimicrobial therapy (OAT) compared with those that remain on intravenous antimicrobial therapy.

Retrospective cohort study.

Tertiary academic hospital.

This retrospective cohort study included adult patients hospitalized between 1/1/2013 and 12/31/2019 diagnosed with uBSI due to β-hemolytic streptococci. Patients were excluded if BSI was due to endovascular, central nervous system, or bone/joint infection or patient was immunosuppressed or died within 72 hours of identification of BSI. We compared outcomes including: 30-day mortality, antimicrobial therapy, BSI relapse, 30-day rehospitalization, adverse drug events, and reversion to IV therapy. Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables; Mann - Whitney test and Independent T-test for continuous variables.

232 BSIs were included. OAT was used in 152 (65%). Cohort demographics were similar. Mortality was also similar between cohorts (2% vs 6% P = .13). Hospital length of stay was shorter in the OAT cohort with a median of 5 days (interquartile range 4.00, 8.00) versus 8 (5.00, 16.00) in the IV group (P < .0001). Patients transitioned to OAT were more likely to finish antibiotics outpatient (93% vs 62% P < .001).

For β-hemolytic Streptococcus uBSI, OAT was associated with decreased length of stay without adverse clinical outcomes. Opportunities exist to modify clinical management of uBSI.