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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

30.1K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

650
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.9K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
13.9K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.8K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.8K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

3.0K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
3.0K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

5.7K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
5.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
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Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts

Published on: November 7, 2025

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Microdomain tandem catalysis for efficient CO2-to-C2+ conversion at industrial current densities.

Lei Wang1, Subhajit Jana2, Chengqian Wu3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new microdomain tandem catalysis strategy using Cu2O/Nafion/Ag catalysts boosts electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (eCO2RR) to multi-carbon products. This approach enhances selectivity and efficiency, advancing carbon neutrality goals.

Keywords:
Active sitesC(2+) productsElectrocatalytic CO(2) reductionMEATandem catalysis

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (eCO2RR) to multi-carbon (C2+) products is key for sustainable energy storage and carbon neutrality.
  • Current eCO2RR technologies face scalability challenges due to complex catalyst synthesis and precise structural engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and efficient catalyst strategy for enhanced C2+ selectivity in eCO2RR.
  • To investigate the mechanism of microdomain tandem catalysis for CO2 conversion.

Main Methods:

  • A microdomain tandem catalysis strategy was employed to construct a Cu2O/Nafion/Ag catalyst.
  • In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations were used to analyze catalyst performance and mechanism.
  • A 5 cm2 membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer was utilized to test the catalyst at industrially relevant current densities.

Main Results:

  • The Cu2O/Nafion/Ag catalyst demonstrated enhanced C2+ selectivity through synergistic action between Ag and Cu2O domains.
  • Nafion-coated Ag nanoclusters facilitated CO2-to-CO conversion, while Cu2O domains promoted CO coupling.
  • Optimized catalyst achieved over 70% Faradaic efficiency for C2+ products at 200-250 mA cm-2.

Conclusions:

  • The microdomain tandem catalysis strategy offers a new pathway for designing efficient and low-cost eCO2RR catalysts.
  • Optimized catalyst structure is crucial for maximizing CO enrichment and facilitating CO transport.
  • This work significantly advances the commercialization potential of eCO2RR technologies for carbon neutrality.