[Family functionality and chronic diseases: A preventive approach to caregiver burden prior to dependency]

To describe the perception of family functionality and vulnerability in households where at least one member has a chronic illness, identifying critical dimensions that may represent risk factors in the face of potential future dependency.

Quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study.

Educational institutions in the Coquimbo region, Chile.

The sample consisted of 385 individuals (184 high school students and 201 parents or legal guardians), selected through stratified probabilistic sampling.

No interventions were conducted. Two validated instruments in primary care were applied: the Family APGAR and SALUFAM scales, along with a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Perceived family functionality (APGAR) and biopsychosocial vulnerability (SALUFAM) were assessed. Associations with sociodemographic variables were analyzed using non-parametric tests. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha.

Participants reported high perceived family functionality and low vulnerability. No statistically significant differences were found based on socioeconomic level or type of school. However, significant differences were observed in functionality perception by role (adults vs. adolescents) and by gender of the head of household, particularly in areas such as communication, decision-making, and family coping. Both instruments showed adequate internal consistency (α=.65 and .78, respectively).

Although the overall perception of family functioning was favorable, specific areas of fragility were identified that may pose risks in scenarios involving future dependency. Early assessment in primary care settings may support timely health promotion strategies, helping to prevent caregiver burden and strengthen family resilience.