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Global impact of micronutrients in modern human evolution
Jasmin Rees1, Sergi Castellano2, Aida M Andrés3
1Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
Micronutrient deficiencies have significantly influenced human evolution globally, driving local adaptations in genes. This highlights potential risks for populations facing ongoing soil depletion and climate change.
Area of Science:
- Human Evolution
- Nutritional Genomics
- Population Genetics
Background:
- Micronutrients are vital for human health, with deficiencies posing risks for growth and disease.
- Historically and currently, widespread micronutrient deficiencies affect billions globally.
- The role of micronutrients in human adaptation and evolution is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate genetic signatures of positive selection in genes linked to 13 micronutrients.
- To evaluate the impact of micronutrient-driven adaptation across diverse human populations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 276 genes associated with 13 essential micronutrients.
- Identification of rapid local adaptation signatures in human populations worldwide.
- Detection of oligogenic-positive selection across various geographic and temporal scales.
Main Results:
- Identified known and novel instances of rapid local adaptation in micronutrient-related genes.
- Observed widespread signatures of adaptation across global populations.
- Found evidence of selection linked to geology and micronutrient deficiencies.
Conclusions:
- Micronutrient deficiencies have played a more substantial role in human evolution than previously recognized.
- Ongoing environmental changes may increase risks of micronutrient-related health issues in susceptible populations.
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