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RAD51 is chromatin enriched and targetable in BRCA1-deficient cells.

Min Peng1, Silviana Lee1, Hitha Gopalan Nair1

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Molecular Cell
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

BRCA1 mutant cancers exhibit RAD51 enrichment on chromatin, crucial for cell survival due to ssDNA gaps. Targeting this RAD51 engagement offers a new strategy for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapy.

Keywords:
53BP1BRCA1H2AXHRMDC1PARPiRAD51TLSfocigaps

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • BRCA1 mutant cancers are homologous recombination (HR) deficient.
  • This deficiency is linked to sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi).
  • RAD51 foci are established biomarkers for PARPi response, but single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps also play a role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of RAD51 in BRCA1-deficient cells.
  • To explore the relationship between RAD51 chromatin enrichment, ssDNA gaps, and PARPi sensitivity.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying PARPi resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RAD51 foci and chromatin enrichment in BRCA1-deficient cells.
  • Genetic manipulation involving deletion of 53BP1, MDC1, and H2AX.
  • Assessment of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) resistance.

Main Results:

  • RAD51 is essential and enriched in the chromatin of BRCA1-deficient cells.
  • Loss of 53BP1 alleviates RAD51 enrichment and dependency.
  • Loss of MDC1 or H2AX leads to PARPi resistance but does not restore RAD51 foci, uncoupling HR from resistance.

Conclusions:

  • ssDNA gaps in BRCA1-deficient cells drive post-replicative RAD51 chromatin engagement for cell fitness.
  • This RAD51 engagement represents a targetable vulnerability in BRCA1 mutant cancers.
  • The findings challenge the direct correlation between RAD51 foci and PARPi response in certain contexts.