Recent ¹⁹F NMR Applications to the Study of Membrane Proteins and Protein Complexes

Fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹⁹F NMR) is a critical spectroscopic tool for studies of the dynamic conformational ensemble associated with proteins and protein complexes. At the same time, the sensitivity of the ¹⁹F NMR reporter can be turned to the ligand or chemical lead to elaborate on ligand/drug - target interactions, and in particular, fragment-based drug discovery. New developments and trends in this field are discussed including improvements in ¹⁹F NMR reporters for protein NMR, new non-canonical fluorinated amino acid probes, the introduction of paramagnetic effects, and the elaboration of fluorinated fragment libraries.