Molecular-level lipid studies on marine microphytobenthic biofilms: a mini-review

Area of Science:

• Marine microbiology
• Biogeochemistry
• Ecosystem ecology

Background:

• Microphytobenthic biofilms are extensive microbial ecosystems in tidal flats.
• They are crucial for benthic and seabird diversity and coastal carbon cycling.
• Their molecular composition and biotechnological potential are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and analyze research on microphytobenthic biofilms from a molecular and biotechnological perspective.
• To identify current research focuses and knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis.
• Network visualization to identify core research areas.
• Analysis of fatty acid composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Main Results:

• Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of fatty acids is the primary molecular technique used.
• Key fatty acids include 9Z-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1n-7), 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and tetradecanoic acid (C14:0).
• Few studies employ comprehensive untargeted mass spectrometry or assess lipid functional roles and bioactivity.

Conclusions:

• There is a significant need for more comprehensive molecular studies, including untargeted mass spectrometry and bioactivity screening.
• Future research should focus on the biotechnological applications of biofilm lipids.
• Biodiscovery in these sensitive ecosystems must integrate environmental protection and circular economy principles.