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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Proximal tibial osteotomy for frontal plane deformities correction.

Matthieu Ollivier1, Sébastien Parratte2, Matthieu Ehlinger3

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, APHM, CNRS, ISM, St Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Biomechanics, Marseille, France.

Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) effectively corrects frontal knee deformities, offering symptom relief and delaying osteoarthritis. Success hinges on thorough preoperative evaluation, precise surgical technique, and diligent postoperative care for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
Frontal knee deformityHigh tibial osteotomyHinge fractureJoint Line Convergence Angle (JLCA)Surgical planning

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanics
  • Knee joint reconstruction

Background:

  • Frontal plane knee deformities are common, leading to pain and osteoarthritis progression.
  • High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical solution for correcting these deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate key aspects of high tibial osteotomy (HTO).
  • To clarify indications, deformity analysis, surgical planning, execution, complication prevention, and postoperative management for HTO.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review addressing six critical questions regarding HTO.
  • Focus on preoperative assessment, surgical technique, and postoperative care.

Main Results:

  • High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is confirmed as an effective treatment for frontal plane knee deformities.
  • The procedure provides significant symptom relief and helps delay the progression of osteoarthritis.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal outcomes in HTO are achieved through meticulous preoperative assessment.
  • Precise surgical execution and vigilant postoperative follow-up are crucial for successful HTO results.