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Largely Intact But Less Reliable and Distributed Neural Representations of Subjective Value in Human Opioid

Francesca M LoFaro1, Maëlle C M Gueguen1,2,3, Ananya Kapoor1,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University Behavioral Health Care, & the Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) show similar subjective value (SV) processing for risky choices but may have less reliable neural signals for this value. This suggests differences in signal fidelity, not fundamental valuation impairment.

Keywords:
addictiondecision-makingfMRImultivariate decodingsubjective valueuncertainty

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Opioid use disorder (OUD) is linked to increased risk-taking behavior.
  • This heightened risk-taking is hypothesized to result from impaired cognitive decision-making and value representation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how individuals with chronic OUD represent and integrate subjective value (SV) during risky decision-making.
  • To identify potential neural impairments in SV encoding within individuals with OUD.

Main Methods:

  • Model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
  • Researchers analyzed choice behavior and neural encoding of SV for uncertain rewards in participants with OUD and controls.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to examine brain activity.

Main Results:

  • Canonical value regions (vmPFC, striatum, PCC) successfully tracked SV in both OUD and control groups.
  • Subjective value representations were less reliably decodable in individuals with OUD, particularly in the vmPFC and within limbic/salience networks.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that individuals with OUD do not have a fundamentally impaired subjective valuation process.
  • Differences in OUD may lie in the fidelity and distribution of subjective value signals across brain networks during decision-making.