When the Heart Hurts the Kidneys: From Flow to Translational Future

Acute cardiorenal syndrome (cardiorenal syndrome type 1, CRS1) is a common complication of the most common cause of death, cardiovascular disease, and therefore is of considerable importance. Foundational research over the last 100 years detailed the elegant interplay between cardiovascular function and tubuloglomerular feedback that underpins the classic description of CRS1. However, as research into acute kidney injury has elucidated important modifying factors in sex difference, immune regulation, and proximal tubule function, these areas are ripe for investigation in CRS1. Here, we briefly review the nascent state of knowledge regarding CRS1 in women and sex differences, immune contributions, and proximal tubule transport function.