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Brucellosis: serological methods compared.

W Heizmann, K Botzenhart, G Döller

    The Journal of Hygiene
    |December 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Brucellosis diagnosis improved with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), detecting past and recent Brucella melitensis infections. ELISA offers a reliable method for identifying brucellosis, even years after initial infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • A brucellosis epidemic caused by Brucella melitensis occurred in Southern Germany in 1983, a region previously free of the disease for 20 years.
    • The outbreak was linked to a single infected sheep herd, highlighting the importance of zoonotic disease surveillance.
    • Diagnostic challenges in brucellosis underscore the need for sensitive and specific testing methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate various diagnostic tests for Brucella melitensis infection, including agglutination, Coomb's test, complement fixation tests (CFT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
    • To investigate cross-reactivity with Yersinia enterocolitica O 9 antibodies.
    • To assess the utility of different serological tests in diagnosing recent and past brucellosis infections.

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    Main Methods:

    • Serological analysis of 72 infected patients, 100 blood donors, and 112 individuals with sheep contact.
    • Utilized agglutination, Coomb's test, two CFTs, IgG and IgM ELISA, and opsonophagocytosis assays.
    • Investigated cross-reactivity using Yersinia enterocolitica O 9 antigen in agglutination and CFT.

    Main Results:

    • ELISA demonstrated superior capability in diagnosing both recent and past Brucella melitensis infections.
    • IgM ELISA indicated the timing of illness onset, while IgG ELISA remained positive up to 623 days post-infection.
    • Agglutination tests showed cross-reactivity with Yersinia enterocolitica O 9, unlike brucella CFT2.

    Conclusions:

    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is highly effective for diagnosing brucellosis, distinguishing between recent and past infections.
    • A specific interpretation range for ELISA is recommended for at-risk populations without clinical symptoms.
    • The study proposes a procedural scheme to simplify brucellosis diagnosis, emphasizing ELISA's diagnostic value.