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Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

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Aptamer-Based Molecule-Responsive SERS System for Highly Efficient Detection of Cocaine.

Tingting Xiao^1,2, Weiqiang Wang³, Lingyi Zhao²

¹Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.

Analytical Chemistry

|September 12, 2025

Summary

A new surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform offers rapid, on-site detection of illicit drugs like cocaine. This technology overcomes biological sample interference, achieving ultra-low detection limits for public health and forensic applications.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Forensic Science
Materials Science

Background:

Illicit drug abuse poses significant public health challenges due to central nervous system damage.
Rapid, quantified, and on-site detection of illicit drugs is crucial for abuse control.
Existing methods face challenges with biological sample interference and specific drug recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel molecule-responsive platform for capturing and detecting illicit drugs.
To establish a sensitive and specific method for on-site drug analysis.
To validate the platform's performance in complex biological matrices.

Main Methods:

Development of a two-component surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform.
Optimization of SERS conditions for enhanced sensitivity and specificity.
Testing the platform with cocaine in various concentrations and spiked bovine serum.

Main Results:

The SERS platform exhibited a linear response to cocaine concentrations from 1 ppb to 10 ppm (R² > 0.99).
An ultralow detection limit of 1.5 ppb for cocaine was achieved.
The method demonstrated robustness and successful application in spiked bovine serum, indicating resistance to biological matrix interference.

Conclusions:

A novel SERS platform enables sensitive and specific detection of illicit drugs.
The developed method is suitable for on-site, trace-level illicit drug detection with forensic potential.
The platform's design principles may be applicable to detecting other chemical substances.