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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Probing the Structural Dynamics of In2O3 Using in Situ Raman Spectroscopy: Bridging Material Dynamics and Sensor

Na Zhao1, Xiao Chang1, Xianghong Liu1

  • 1College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
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Phase-engineered Indium oxide homojunctions enable room-temperature gas sensing. Real-time analysis reveals a reversible phase transition critical for enhanced nitrogen dioxide detection, advancing sensor technology.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors require high operating temperatures, limiting their practical application.
  • Understanding the dynamic evolution of active phases during sensing is crucial for optimizing MOS sensor performance but lacks real-time characterization.
  • Room-temperature operation and enhanced sensitivity are key goals for next-generation gas sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop phase-engineered Indium oxide (In2O3) homojunctions for high-performance room-temperature gas sensing.
  • To investigate the dynamic structural changes and active phases of In2O3 during gas sensing using in situ techniques.
  • To establish a structure-activity relationship linking transient material dynamics to macroscopic sensor functionality.

Main Methods:

  • Graphene-assisted hydrothermal synthesis to create cubic/rhombohedral In2O3 homojunctions.
  • Fabrication of In2O3/graphene (In2O3/G) hybrid gas sensors.
  • In situ Raman spectroscopy to monitor structural evolution during NO2 gas exposure.
  • Performance evaluation of sensors at room temperature, measuring response and sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Optimized In2O3/G hybrid sensors demonstrated a 20-fold enhancement in NO2 response at room temperature compared to pure In2O3.
  • A reversible phase transition between cubic and rhombohedral In2O3 was observed in real-time during gas exposure.
  • The rhombohedral In2O3 phase was identified as the dominant active site for NO2 adsorption and desorption.
  • High sensitivity and ultra-low power consumption were achieved for NO2 detection.

Conclusions:

  • Phase engineering of In2O3 via homojunctions is an effective strategy for achieving high-performance room-temperature gas sensing.
  • Real-time in situ characterization revealed the critical role of the rhombohedral phase and its reversible transition in NO2 sensing.
  • The study provides a generalizable methodology to correlate nanoscale material dynamics with device performance, enabling rational sensor design.