Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

1.5K
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
1.5K
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

3.9K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
3.9K
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

3.3K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
3.3K
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

817
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
817
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

867
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
867
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

3.6K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Medicinal Insights Into FLT3 Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Direction.

Archiv der Pharmazie·2026
Same author

Nonporous Self-Assembled Pd(II) Coordination Cage Enabling Dual Capture of Iodine and Methyl Iodide.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Metal-free O-H insertion enables access to heterocycle-rich α-carbonyloxy esters.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same author

First Report of <i>MYH9</i> E1841K Variant in an Indian Family: A Case of Familial Macrothrombocytopenia and Review of Literature.

Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion·2026
Same author

Comment on "Using mobile applications for body composition analysis: A technical review of an artificial intelligence-based tool".

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2026
Same author

Mechanistic Insights into Terpenoid-Based Therapy for Parkinson's Disease.

CNS & neurological disorders drug targets·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
08:39

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Published on: August 25, 2018

26.3K

Acid vapor-induced enhanced electrical current rectification in phenothiazine-based electronic devices.

Reshma Kumari1, Nila Pal2, Rajwinder Kaur2

  • 1Functional Organic Molecules Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110 007 India mdmilton@chemistry.du.ac.in.

Chemical Science
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study showcases molecular junctions with tunable electronic properties. Acid vapor exposure significantly enhances their diode function, enabling transformable electronic applications.

More Related Videos

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
06:47

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

Published on: September 27, 2017

10.1K
Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
09:17

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
08:39

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Published on: August 25, 2018

26.3K
Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
06:47

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

Published on: September 27, 2017

10.1K
Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
09:17

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular electronics
  • Materials science
  • Organic electronics

Background:

  • Engineering molecular junctions for tunable electronic functions is crucial for advancing molecular-scale electronics.
  • Phenothiazine-based molecular junctions (MJs) offer potential for novel electronic functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate external stimuli-responsive enhanced electrical current rectification in phenothiazine-based molecular junctions.
  • To investigate the mechanism behind the enhanced rectification and its reversibility.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of vertically stacked molecular junctions (p+-Si/R158 nm/ITO).
  • Exposure to acid vapor and subsequent electrical characterization (current rectification, electrical impedance spectra).
  • Investigation of molecular orbital alignment using theoretical principles.

Main Results:

  • A nearly 530% enhancement in the electrical current rectification ratio (RR) was observed upon 60-second acid vapor exposure.
  • The electronic functions were partially reversible upon exposure to triethylamine vapor.
  • Acid vapor exposure leads to cation radical formation, altering molecular orbital energy levels (LUMO) relative to electrode Fermi level, enabling rectification.

Conclusions:

  • Phenothiazine-based molecular junctions exhibit significant, reversible, acid-vapor-induced diode functionality.
  • This work presents a method for high-yield device fabrication (∼86%) for transformable electronic functions.
  • The findings pave the way for developing molecular-scale devices with tunable electronic properties responsive to chemical stimuli.