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Optimizing Functional Recovery in Multi-Site Giant Cell Tumors.

Vinod Dubey1, Mohit Prajapati2, Mohit Tolani2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic, Wockhardt Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) present orthopedic challenges due to aggressive growth and recurrence. Tailored surgical approaches for GCTs at various sites, including hand, ulna, radius, and tibia, achieved successful outcomes and functional recovery without recurrence.

Keywords:
Proximal tibiadistal radiusdistal ulnafunctional outcomesgiant cell tumorsurgical managementtendon sheathwrist arthrodesis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Oncology
  • Musculoskeletal Tumors

Background:

  • Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are challenging orthopedic issues known for aggressive expansion and recurrence.
  • While typically found at long bone epiphyses, GCTs can occur in unusual locations like tendon sheaths, distal ulna, and proximal tibia, complicating management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a tailored surgical methodology for managing Giant Cell Tumors (GCTs) across diverse anatomical locations.
  • To emphasize functional recovery and recurrence prevention through site-specific surgical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Presentation of a case series detailing four GCT cases at different sites: hand tendon sheath, distal ulna, distal radius, and proximal tibia.
  • Application of individualized, site-specific surgical approaches, including en bloc resection, ulna transposition, arthrodesis, and Ilizarov-assisted bone transport.
  • Focus on limb-sparing techniques and reconstructive surgery for optimal functional preservation.

Main Results:

  • All four patients were successfully treated with no recurrence during follow-up periods ranging from 6 months to 2 years.
  • Functional outcomes showed improvement, with patients returning to daily activities and experiencing significant pain relief.
  • Outcomes varied based on tumor location and surgical extent, highlighting the need for individualized treatment.

Conclusions:

  • A tailored, site-specific surgical approach is crucial for effective Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) management.
  • Limb-sparing surgery and reconstructive techniques can restore optimal function and minimize recurrence risk.
  • Vigilant surveillance and individualized patient management plans are essential due to the diverse presentations of GCTs.